Раптова серцева смерть. Огляд. Частина І. Оцінка ризику, первинна та вторинна профілактика при різних клінічних станах

Автор(и)

  • С. М. Коваль ДУ «Національний інститут терапії імені Л. Т. Малої НАМН України», Харків, Україна http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8699-2324
  • Л. А. Рєзнік ДУ «Національний інститут терапії імені Л. Т. Малої НАМН України», Харків, Україна https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5200-3447
  • Т. Г. Старченко ДУ «Національний інститут терапії імені Л. Т. Малої НАМН України», Харків, Україна https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1276-3868

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30978/UTJ2025-2-106

Ключові слова:

раптова серцева смерть, шлуночкові аритмії, структурні захворювання серця, стратифікації ризику, профілактика

Анотація

Однією з актуальних проблем сучасної кардіології є проблема раптової серцевої смерті. В огляді наведено визначення раптової серцевої смерті, розглянуто патогенетичні механізми її розвитку, висвітлено частоту раптової серцевої смерті в різних вікових групах та при різних нозологічних станах. Особливу увагу приділено проблемі стратифікації ризику розвитку раптової серцевої смерті, а також питанням первинної та вторинної профілактики шлуночкових аритмій. Показано, що саме шлуночкові аритмії є основними і найпоширенішими причинами виникнення раптової серцевої смерті при різних клінічних станах. Наведено дані щодо етіологічних чинників раптової серцевої смерті, які можна розділити на дві групи. До першої групи належать захворювання, які характеризуються наявністю специфічних структурних змін з боку серця (ішемічна хвороба серця, ідіопатична шлуночкова екстрасистолія/шлуночкова тахікардія, кардіоміопатії, зокрема спричинені шлуночковою екстрасистолією, запальні захворювання серця та вади серця), до другої групи — захворювання, які належать до первинної електричної хвороби серця, а саме ідіопатична фібриляція шлуночків, синдром подовженого інтервалу QT (зокрема набутий синдром подовженого інтервалу QT), синдром Андерсена‑Тавіла 1 типу, синдром Бругада, синдром ранньої реполяризації, катехоламінергічна поліморфна шлуночкова тахікардія та синдром укороченого інтервалу QT). У першій частині огляду детально розглянуті етіологічні чинники раптової серцевої смерті, які належать до першої групи. Показано, що найчастішою причиною раптової серцевої смерті є ішемічна хвороба серця. Також висвітлено найінформативніші методи оцінки ризику розвитку раптової серцевої смерті й заходи первинної та вторинної профілактики цього термінального стану в пацієнтів із різними структурними захворюваннями серця.

Біографії авторів

С. М. Коваль, ДУ «Національний інститут терапії імені Л. Т. Малої НАМН України», Харків

MD, PhD, DSc, Prof., Head of the Department of Arterial Hypertension and Prevention of its Complications

Л. А. Рєзнік, ДУ «Національний інститут терапії імені Л. Т. Малої НАМН України», Харків

к. мед. н., ст. наук. співр. відділу артеріальної гіпертензії та профілактики її ускладнень

Т. Г. Старченко, ДУ «Національний інститут терапії імені Л. Т. Малої НАМН України», Харків

к. мед. н., ст. наук. співр. відділу артеріальної гіпертензії та профілактики її ускладнень

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