Роль гелікобактерної інфекції в патогенезі позашлункових захворювань. Огляд літератури
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30978/UTJ2025-1-89Ключові слова:
H. pylori, метаболічно-асоційовані захворювання, запальні захворювання кишечника, автоімунні захворюванняАнотація
Наведено дані щодо впливу інфекції Helicobacter pylorі на екстрагастральні захворювання, а також на захворювання травного тракту (гастроезофагеальну рефлюксну хворобу, виразковий коліт, синдром подразненого кишечника), метаболічно‑асоційовані (цукровий діабет, метаболічно‑асоційована стеатотична хвороба печінки тощо) та автоімунні захворювання, захворювання серцево‑судинної (ішемічна хвороба серця, атеросклероз, гіпертонічна хвороба, порушення серцевого ритму) і нервової систем, що може мати як позитивні, так і негативні наслідки. Так, щодо захворювань стравоходу (рефлюкс‑езофагіт, гастроезофагеальна рефлюксна хвороба та стравохід Барретта) і виразкового коліту H. pylori вважається захисним чинником, хоча ерадикація цієї інфекції не впливає на розвиток аденокарциноми та стравоходу Барретта, тоді як при виразковому коліті підвищує ризик його розвитку. Установлено, що гелікобактерна інфекція є значущим чинником, який потенціює розвиток колоректального раку, що підтверджується зниженням захворюваності на цю онкологічну патологію після успішної ерадикації інфекції. Припускають роль гелікобактерій у ранньому ураженні печінки при метаболічно‑асоційованій стеатотичній хворобі печінки. Підтвердження цих даних свідчить про необхідність додавання до стратегії ведення таких хворих ерадикації H. pylori для запобігання прогресуванню пошкодження печінки. Аналогічна ситуація і в пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом 2 типу, що також потребує проведення додаткових досліджень і доповнення стандартів лікування. Патогенніші властивості CagA і VacA‑позитивних штамів H. pylori, особливо при серцево‑судинній патології (коронарний атеросклероз тощо), також свідчать про необхідність ерадикації гелікобактерій, що зменшить серцево‑судинний ризик, розвиток атеросклерозу та його ускладнень. Подальші дослідження в цьому напрямі є актуальними та перспективними, оскільки вірогідні результати, отримані у великих когортах пацієнтів, можуть краще пояснити механізми зв’язку між інфікованістю H. pylori та екстрагастральними захворюваннями, що сприятиме розробці нових лікувально‑профілактичних стратегій.
Посилання
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