Токсичний вплив фтору на організм людини. Огляд літератури
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30978/UTJ2026-1-62Ключові слова:
симптоми отруєння фтором, фтор, токсична дія фтору, флюороз зубівАнотація
Флюороз зубів є наочним прикладом токсичної дії фтору на організм людини. Цей частий дефект розвитку зубів мало вивчено. За даними зарубіжної та вітчизняної літератури, останнім часом поширення флюорозу значно збільшилося. Надмірне вживання фтору протягом тривалого періоду може призвести до розвитку флюорозу зубів у дітей; флюорозу кісток як у дітей, так і у дорослих та пошкодження майже всіх тканин організму. Несприятливий вплив чинників довкілля, раціон харчування, певні захворювання та генетичні чинники підвищують ризик отруєння фтором. Симптомами хронічного отруєння фтором є синдром подразненого кишечника, поліурія та полідипсія, надмірна втома/виснаження/втрата м’язової сили, безсоння, депресія, підвищений рівень холестерину, високий тиск, біль у суглобах, часті переломи кісток, викривлення кісток ніг, низький ріст, розумова відсталість, передчасні пологи, внутрішньоутробна загибель плода, неонатальна й дитяча смертність, анемія та низький рівень гемоглобіну у вагітних жінок, мала маса тіла при народженні. Фтор негативно впливає на тканини й органи людського організму, особливо на печінку, яка є основним органом детоксикації, зокрема фторорганічних сполук. Фториста інтоксикація призводить до зростання частоти серцево-судинних захворювань (застійна серцева недостатність, гіпертонічна хвороба, атеросклероз), захворювання нирок через підвищення вмісту ендотеліну-1 у плазмі. Фтор негативно впливає на ендокринну систему, зокрема на щитоподібну залозу, оскільки індукує інгібування симпортера натрію/йодиду (NIS), що призводить до погіршення всмоктування йоду та його дефіциту. Надлишок фтору спричиняв підвищення рівня паратгормону у пацієнтів з ендемічним флюорозом порівняно з контрольною групою, а також негативно впливав на репродуктивну функцію, зокрема на якість сперми та рівень гормонів у системі гіпоталамус-гіпофіз-яєчка/яєчники в чоловіків і жінок.
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